Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. There are over 200 types of HPV, around 20 of which affect the genital area.
HPV types are divided into:
- High-risk types → can cause cancer
- Low-risk types → cause genital warts
High-risk HPV is linked to:
- Cervical cancer, vaginal, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers in women
- Anal and penile cancer in men
What is the HPV vaccine?
The HPV vaccine is a preventive (prophylactic) vaccine designed to protect against HPV-related diseases and cancers.
Types of HPV vaccines
- Gardasil 4 – protects against types 6, 11, 16, 18
- Gardasil 9 – protects against 9 HPV types
- Cervarix – protects against types 16 and 18
Who should get vaccinated?
- Recommended for boys and girls aged 11–12
- Can be given from age 9
- Also recommended up to age 26 (and up to 45 in some cases)
✔ Best before sexual activity begins
Dosage schedule
- 9–14 years: 2 doses
- 15–26 years: 3 doses
How long does it protect?
- At least 10 years or longer
- Protection begins after the second dose
Does it protect against genital warts?
Yes, especially vaccines covering HPV types 6 and 11.
Side effects
- Mild pain, redness, swelling
✔ Serious side effects are rare
Important notes
- Not a live vaccine (recombinant)
- No HPV test required before vaccination
- Does not treat existing HPV infection
- Screening (Pap smear) is still necessary
Conclusion
HPV vaccination is one of the most effective ways to prevent HPV-related cancers and diseases.
